Saturday, July 23, 2011

The 2011 Norway attacks


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It has been suggested that Anders Behring Breivik be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2011.

CE
Date22 July 2011
15:26[citation needed](CEST)
TargetNorway political leadership (Oslo)
Labour Party Youth(Utøya)
Attack typeBomb and shooting
Death(s)87+[1]
Injured90+
Perpetrator(s)Unknown
Suspected perpetrator(s)Anders Behring Breivik

The 2011 Norway attacks consisted of a bomb explosion that occurred in Regjeringskvartalet, the government quarter of Oslo, Norway, on Friday, 22 July 2011 outside the office of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg and other government office buildings[2] and a subsequent shooting incident on the island of Utøya in Tyrifjorden,Buskerud. A Norwegian man, 32-year-old Anders Behring Breivik, was arrested for the shooting at Utøya.[3] The international community expressed its support for Norway and condemned the attacks. There were at least 87 deaths in the attacks, most of them shooting victims at the Utøya youth camp.[4][5][6]

Contents

 [hide]

[edit]Oslo explosion


Map of the area of the explosion. Red building:Government building. Orange area: Position of a destroyed car, not the site of the explosion.Purple building: Oil Ministry building.

Office of the Norwegian Prime Ministerwith blown-out windows shortly after the explosion.

Military and civilian rescue personnel near government buildings on 22 July.
Reports initially suggested that car bombs[7] exploded outside the office of Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg and other government office buildings such as the Oil Ministry[7] and Ministry of Finance,[7] with many windows blown out. There are mixed reports as to whether there might have been several explosions.[8] Stoltenberg was unharmed in the blast.[9] Norway’s finance minister, Sigbjørn Johnsen, was on holiday in Denmark at the time.[10] The blast was heard at least 7 kilometres away.[7]
The street surrounding the area affected by the explosion was filled with glass and debris following the explosion. The wreckage of a car was sighted near one of the affected buildings. A giant cloud of white smoke was reported as a fire continued to burn in the Oil Ministry. Following the explosion, police cleared the area and searched for any additional explosive devices.[11] Police urged people to evacuate central Oslo.[12]

[edit]Casualties

Seven deaths have been confirmed from the Oslo blast,[9] with fifteen people injured[13][14] and eleven seriously.[15] A doctor at Oslo University Hospital said hospital staff were treating injuries to people's heads, chests and abdomens.[16]
State Secretary Hans Kristian Amundsen said that fewer people than usual were in the area because the bombing took place on a public holiday, which may have mitigated the death toll.[9] Also July is the main vacation month for most Norwegians.[17]

[edit]Impact on transportation

All roads into Oslo downtown area were closed as security officials evacuated people from the area and warned Oslo residents to stay away from the city center and limit their usage of mobile phones due to concerns of another potential terrorist attack.[18] Public transport in and out of the city was also halted,[19] with an email communication with the BBC from a traveller indicating that police checks were in operation on the road to Oslo airport.[20] Police also conducted searches of cars at the airport,[21] though it remained open.[22] All trains[clarification needed] have been shut down after a suspicious package was found close to the tracks.[23] The offices of TV 2 were evacuated after a suspicious package was found outside the building.[24]

[edit]Utøya shooting massacre

Approximately two hours after the Oslo explosion,[9] Anders Behring Breivik[citation needed] was about 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Oslo, to the lake of Tyrifjorden, where he took a ferry to the island of Utøya[citation needed] and the location of[9] the Labour Party'sannual Workers' Youth League (AUF) youth summer camp. Once there, he engaged in a random shooting spree amidst the campers before finally being apprehended. Police believe the two incidents are related.[9][25]
While dressed as a police officer, Breivik asked people to gather round him before indiscriminately firing his weapons,[26][27] killing and injuring numerous people. He first shot people on the island and later started shooting the escaping people in the water.[28] A spokesman for the National Police Directorate under the Ministry of Justice and Police reported that most of the casualties were youths of about 15 and 16 years old;[29]according to NRK, witnesses report the man beckoning the youths before shooting them.[30] Some witnesses on the island were reported to have hidden in bathrooms or undergrowth, communicating by text message to avoid giving their positions away to the gunman.[31]
At approximately 03:50 (CEST) on 23 July 2011, NRK and TV2, the two primary Norwegian broadcasters, broadcast a live press conference from the Sentrum politistasjon in Oslo where Norway's National Police Commissioner Øystein Mæland confirmed the number of fatalities at Utøya to have reached "at least 80" with the count expected to increase.[32][33][34][35]
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg had been scheduled to visit the camp on 23 July.[36]

[edit]Alleged perpetrator


Emergency personnel responding to the explosion.
Main article: Anders Behring Breivik
Anders Behring Breivik (born 13 February 1979), who was arrested on Utøya for the shootings there, has also been linked to the Oslo bombings. [37][38][39]
Public broadcaster NRK and several other Norwegian media identified the suspected attacker as a blond and blue-eyed Norwegian who expressed right-wing and anti-Muslim views on the Internet.
National police chief Sveinung Sponheim told public broadcaster NRK that the gunman's Internet postings "suggest that he has some political traits directed toward the right, and anti-Muslim views, but whether that was a motivation for the actual act remains to be seen.
He is reported to have written posts on the anti-Islamic[40] website document.no (all his apparent and unconfirmed writings listed; available on this site only in Norwegian).[41]
He operates a farming proprietorship.[42]. The company is called Breivik Geofarm.[43]. His farm grew vegetables, using large amounts of fertilizers.[citation needed]
Norwegian news agency NTB said Breivik legally owned several firearms and belonged to a gun club. The police uniform he was wearing resembled a police field uniform. Under this disguise he was able to travel with visible weaponry. Media have reported him using an automatic hand gun, a shotgun and a submachine gun in the island shooting. He used the shotgun to shoot some of his victims an additional time in the head.
Behring studied at the Oslo Commerce School, and is described by newspaper Verdens Gang as considering himself a Christian, conservative, nationalist[39] and a one-time Freemason.[44] His social-media accounts identify him as an admirer of Winston Churchill and anti-nazi World War II hero Max Manus,[41] as well as social liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill (who he quoted on his Twitter account before the incident).[45].

[edit]Reactions

[edit]Domestic

  • Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg at a press conference in Oslo said that "We will find the guilty and hold them responsible" and that "No one will bomb us to silence. No one will shoot us to silence. No one will ever scare us away from being Norway."[20]
  • Minister of Justice Knut Storberget confirmed that the suspect arrested at the youth camp in Utøya was indeed Norwegian, and backed Stoltenberg's statement during the Oslo press conference that Norway will not be silenced.[20]
  • Muslim leaders in Norway have responded quickly to deny any speculation they were involved in the attacks. "This is our homeland, this is my homeland; I condemn these attacks and the Islamic Council of Norway condemns these attacks, whoever is behind them," said Mehtab Afsar, Secretary General of Islamic Council of Norway.[46]

[edit]International

  •  Afghanistan: President Hamid Karzai issued his "strongest condemnation" for the attack and also said that "it has been years that people of Afghanistan are suffering from terrorism and they understand the pain of Norwegian people better than anyone else".
  •  Argentina: Foreign Minister Héctor Timerman issued his "strongest condemnation" for the attack and also said that "the people and government of Argentina, victim of similar crimes in the past, express their solidarity to the people and government of Norway in reaction of this painful act and unjustifiable loss of human lives."[47]
  •  Australia: Prime Minister Julia Gillard stated that "our sorrow and concern are with the people of Norway and in particular with the families of those who have lost loved ones and those who have been injured."[48]
  •  Belgium: Resigning Prime Minister Yves Leterme expressed his "condolences to the Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, the victims of the deadly attacks and to the families of the victims". He strongly condemned the attacks and is "astonished that such a thing can happen to a country known as peace-loving and peace-seeking".[49]
  •  Brazil: President Dilma Rouseff stated in a message to Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg that the news regarding the attacks have left her astonished, and she expressed her condolences and solidarity to the victims and their families in Norway on behalf of the Brazilian government and people.[50]
  •  Bulgaria: Foreign Minister Nikolay Mladenov called the bombing "an unacceptable act", expressed his "deep condolences to the relatives of the victims" and said that "Bulgaria supports its Norwegian partners and friends in this difficult moment".[51][52]
  •  Canada: Prime Minister Stephen Harper has said he was "shocked and intensely saddened to learn of the attacks in Oslo and Utøya".[53]
  •  Chile: In a communiqué released by the Foreign Affairs MInistry, the government of Chile lamented the events at Oslo, calling the attacks an "unacceptable expression of violence that Chile strongly condemns."[54]
  •  Colombia: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has issued a statement in which it "condemns in the strongest terms the attack today in Oslo, near the government seat of the Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg" Colombia also "wishes to convey its condolences to the families of the victims of this heinous act and the people and Government of Norway".[55]
  •  Denmark: Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen proclaimed that "We stand with Norway on this day" and offered his compassion, sympathy, and solidarity on behalf of the Danish people.[56]
  •  Ecuador: The Ecuadorian government condemned these violent acts and affirmed the need for nations to continue working for world peace.[57]
  •  Finland: President of Finland Tarja Halonen expressed her condolences to the state of Norway. Foreign Minister Erkki Tuomioja had also contacted and expressed his condolences to his Norwegian colleague Jonas Gahr Støre, saying he was gravely worried of the situation. He later stated that the explosion shakes all the Nordic countries and has impact on the entire assessment of the security situation in the region. He added that if the attack proves to be terrorism related it proves that any real reason for terrorists to attack is not needed as Norway has traditionally tried to be constructive in international conflicts.[58][59]
  •  France: President Nicolas Sarkozy has called the deadly bombing in Oslo an "odious and unacceptable act" of violence. "At this dramatic time, I wish to pass on the profound sympathy of the entire French people for the Norwegian people," he said.[20]
  •  Germany: Chancellor Angela Merkel firmly condemned the attacks, stating, "It's clear that we who believe in democracy and peaceful coexistence have to condemn in strong terms such terrorism, no matter how reasoned." She ensured the families of the victims and injured her deep condolence and added: "The Norwegian Government and the Norwegian people shall know, that the Federal Government and the German people stand at their side."[60]
  •  Greece: Prime Minister of Greece George Papandreou had a telephone conversation with his Norwegian counterpart immediately following the attacks in Oslo. The Prime Minister expressed his and the Greek people's solidarity to the government and people of Norway, while Mr. Stoltenberg thanked the Greek prime minister and briefed him on the situation.[61]
  •  Iceland: Prime Minister of Iceland Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir expressed solidarity with Norway: "We feel and share the pain of the Norwegian people during these difficult and turbulant times and have offered all the help Iceland can manage at this point.".[62]
  •  Ireland: President Mary McAleese and Tanaiste Eamon Gilmore expressed solidarity with Norway and extended condolences to the Norwegian people.[63]
  •  Italy: President Giorgio Napolitano and Premier Silvio Berlusconi expressed their condolences for the victims and solidarity to Norwegian people.[64]
  •  Lithuania: President Dalia Grybauskaitė: On a behalf of me and Lithuania and its people's I express our heartfelt condolences to You, the victims' relatives and the all Norwegian people in this difficult hour for your Country I wish people of Norway strength and focus[65]
  •  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: At a press conference in Tripoli, Moussa Ibrahim, a spokesman for the Gaddafi regime, said that "We never support any acts of terrorism whatsoever." But added "NATO is planting terrorism in the hearts of many. This is unfortunate and sad."[66] Muammar Gaddafi had previously threatened with terror attacks on European "homes, offices, families"[67][68]
  •  Mexico: President Felipe Calderon Hinojosa offered his condolences to Stoltenberg via Twitter.[69]
  •  The Netherlands: Prime Minister Mark Rutte said the attack in Oslo demonstrates a "total lack of respect for human life." He also said his thoughts are with his Norwegian counterpart Jens Stoltenberg and the Norwegian people.[70]
  •  New Zealand: Prime Minister John Key said after a meeting with President Barack Obama at the White House on Friday that the Norway attacks are an act of global terrorism and that no country is immune from that risk.[71] Acting Prime Minister Bill English has condemned the twin attacks by saying "I'm shocked and saddened at the news of the bombing and shootings, New Zealand joins with other countries in condemning these attacks on innocent people. Our thoughts and condolences are with the people of Norway at this time."[72]
  •  Pakistan: President Asif Ali Zardari expressed his grief and shock over the loss of lives, following the attack, and conveyed his condolences to the people and government of Norway. He also said that Pakistan, "which has suffered the most in the fight against terrorism and militancy, will continue to fight this menace with full resolve."[73]
  •  Philippines: Secretary of Foreign Affairs Albert del Rosario stated that "the Philippines deplores the tragic twin attacks in Norway and extends his condolences to the Norwegian government and people".[74]
  •  Spain: President José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero expressed his grief and "deep shock" over the attacks and conveyed his condolences to the people and government of Norway, RTVE says. He expressed his solidarity and the people of Spain's, "who often have lived themselves similar situations". King Juan Carlos expressed too his condolences and solidarity to the victims and their families.[75]
  •  Sweden: Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt said that "My deepest condolences for the Norwegian people in this tragedy that happened in Oslo and at the Norwegian Social Democrats' youth camp. My thoughts are with the families of victims and the injured.[76] Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt said that "I immediately had contact with my Norwegian colleague Jonas Gahr Støre to express our deep sympathy to all those affected and to provide any assistance such as may be required." Bildt later posted on Twitter that "terrorism has struck. Police confirms bomb in Oslo. We are all Norwegians."[77]
  •  United Arab Emirates: Emirati Foreign Affairs Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan condemned the attacks stating "The UAE condemns in the strongest possible terms these terrible, appalling crimes and expresses its full solidarity and standing with the Government of Norway in confronting these criminal acts."[78]
  •  United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary William Hague said that the UK stood "shoulder to shoulder" with Norway following the attack. He also said that "I send my deepest condolences to all those who have lost relatives or been injured."[79]
  •  United States: President Barack Obama said: "Our hearts go out to the people of Norway" and offered American assistance in the investigation of the attacks. He also added that "It’s a reminder that the entire community has a stake in preventing this kind of terror from occurring," along with mentioning that events in Oslo are a reminder that the world has a role in stopping acts of terrorism.[20][80]
  •  European Union: The President of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy, described the bomb that hit government buildings in Norway's capital as an act of:
…cowardice. I am deeply shocked by the bomb blasts this afternoon in Oslo which have killed a number of innocent people and left many others injured. I condemn in the strongest terms these acts of cowardice for which there is no justification.[81]
  •  NATO: The Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, said that NATO "condemn in the strongest possible terms the heinous acts of violence in Norway."[82]
Our solidarity with Norway remains steadfast. NATO countries stand united in the battle against these acts of violence.[83]

[edit]References

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[edit]External links

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