Tuesday, June 8, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant 6/8/2021



SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant






SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant





Gamma variant, also known as lineage P.1,[a] is one of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.[6] This variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been named lineage P.1 and has 17 amino acid changes, ten of which are in its spike protein, including these three designated to be of particular concern: N501Y, E484K and K417T.[5][7] This variant of SARS-CoV-2 was first detected by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan, on 6 January 2021 in four people who had arrived in Tokyo having visited Amazonas, Brazil, four days earlier.[5][8] It was subsequently declared to be in circulation in Brazil.[5] Under the simplified naming scheme proposed by the World Health Organization, P.1 has been labeled Gamma variant, and is considered a variant of concern.[9]

Total number of P.1 sequences by country as of 21 April 2021[1]
Legend:
1,000+ confirmed sequences
500–999 confirmed sequences
100–499 confirmed sequences
2–99 confirmed sequences
1 confirmed sequence
None or no data available

P.1 caused widespread infection in early 2021 in the city of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, although the city had already experienced widespread infection, in May 2020,[10] with a study,[11] indicating high seroprevalence of antibodies for SARS-CoV-2.[12] A research article published in Science Journal indicate that P.1 diseased people has greater chance of transmissibility and death than B.1.1.28 infected.

P.1 comprises the two distinct subvariants 28-AM-1 and 28-AM-2, which both carry the K417T, E484K, N501Y mutations, and both developed independently of each other within the same Brazilian Amazonas region.[13]

P.1 is notably different from the other Brazilian P.2 lineage. In particular, P.2 only carries the E484K mutation and has neither of the other two mutations of concern, N501Y and K417T.[13][7]

Contents












TaxonomyEdit

Initial reports claimed that both P.1 and P.2 were two separate and different descendants of the Brazilian B.1.1.248 variant.[14][15] However, B.1.1.248 later lost its status as a distinct variant and was reclassified to B.1.1.28.[16] P.1 has also been called B.1.1.28.1,[17] while P.2 has been B.1.1.28.2 or VUI-202101/01.[18] Since only three sublevels are permitted in the PANGO Lineage system of nomenclature, hence the designation of B.1.1.28.1 to P.1 and B.1.1.28.2 to P.2.[5][19]
ResearchEdit

On 12 January 2021, the Brazil–United Kingdom CADDE Centre confirmed 13 local cases of the P.1 lineage in Manaus, Amazonas state, the largest city of the Amazon rain forest.[5] The new lineage was absent in 27 samples collected from March to November from Manaus, but it was identified for the same city in 42% (n=13/31) of the samples collected 15–23 December 2020, followed by 52.2% (n=35/67) during 15–31 December and 85.4% (n=41/48) during 1–9 January 2021. Most notably, the P.2 was rapidly outcompeted by P1 going from the second half of December to 1–9 January, where the P.2 variant share for Manaus decreased from 25.4% to 6.3%.[5][20]

A study of 180 sequenced Brazilian samples collected in the state of Rio de Janeiro during 2020, identified emergence of the novel P.2 lineage of SARS-CoV-2 (originating from B.1.1.28). P.2 was first detected by genome sequencing in October 2020, but it was estimated to have emerged in early July 2020.[21] As of December 2020, although having significantly increased in frequency throughout the state, it was still largely confined to the state capital Rio de Janeiro. In May 2020 the main variants behind the COVID-19 positives were B.1.1.33 (70%) and B.1.1.28 (20%), whereas by September the main variants were B.1.1.33 (50%) and B.1.1.28 (40%), with no detected presence of P.2, while during October and November P.2 was the most common variant with a share close to 50% (according to the Pangolin tool).[22] The study also found the E484K mutation as "widely spread" across all analysed P.2 samples (36 out of 38).[22]

Researchers at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation published a preprint genomic epidemiology study of 250 collected genomes from different places in Amazonas and found that P.1 infections can produce nearly 10 times more viral load than in other COVID-19-infected persons involving B.1.1.28 and B.1.195 lineages. The variant also showed 2.2 times higher transmissibility with the same ability to infect both adults (18–59 years old) and older persons (60 years old and higher), suggesting P.1 lineages are more successful at infecting younger humans with no gender differential.[23]

The Centre for Arbovirus Discovery, Diagnosis, Genomics and Epidemiology (CADDE) produced another journal article of samples collected in Manaus between November 2020 and January 2021. The study indicated P.1 lineage to be ≈2.0 times (50% CrI, 1.7–2.4 times) more transmissible and was shown to be capable of evading ≈32% (50% CrI, 21–46%) of inherited immunity from previous coronavirus diseases, leading to the possibility of reinfection. These increased statistics also had the same reflection in fatality, in that P.1 infections can be ≈50% (50% CrI, 20–90%) more lethal.[24][25][26] As part of ongoing research, the variant's capacity to neutralise antibodies has been evaluated by scientists in a published preprint work demonstrating that 8 CoronaVac-immunised persons had a poor blood plasma response against lineage P.1. Since the study only had a small number of participants, it was not possible to establish any statistical conclusion as a larger number of vaccinated people would need to be studied.[27] Scientists at MIT, Harvard and Cambridge, and hospitals physicians in Boston, corroborated that people fully vaccinated with Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have significantly decreased neutralisation with P.1—in a preprint work.[28]
MutationsEdit
Defining mutations in Lineage P.1GeneAmino acid
ORFlab synT733C
synC2749T
S1188L
K1795Q
del11288-11296 (3675-3677 SGF)
synC12778T
synC13860T
E5665D
Spike L18F
T20N
P26S
D138Y
R190S
K417T
E484K
N501Y
H 655Y
T1027I
ORF8 E92K
ins28269-28273
N P80R
Source: Faria et al. (2021), Figure 1.B


Variants of SARS-CoV-2 As well as having eight mutations (four of these synonymous genetic mutations) in its open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b) – one of which is a set of deletions – Lineage P.1 has 10 defining mutations in its spike protein, including N501Y and E484K. It also has two mutations – one an insertion – in its ORF8 region and one in its N region.[5][29]
Descendant and sublineagesEdit

Coronavirus variant B.1.1.28 has originated four known lineages classified as variant of interest (VOI) or variant of concern (VOC): lineages P.1, P.2, P.3 and P.4.

The P.2 lineage (B.1.1.28.2), first detected in October 2020 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, only shares one mutation of concern with P.1, which is the E484K.[30] The other P.2 mutations are without concern and rarely found for other variants. The five P.2-specific mutations are: E484K in S-gene, A119S in N-gene, 5’UTR C100U, plus L3468V and synC11824U in ORF1ab-gene. Other mutations commonly found in P.2 are: 3’UTR C29754U, F120F (synC28253U) in ORF8, M234I in the N-gene, plus L3930F and synA12964G in ORF1ab.[21]

The P.3 variant was first identified in the Philippines on 18 February 2021 when two mutations of concern were detected in Central Visayas.[31]

The remaining B.1.1.28 derivative virus is the P.4 lineage. Although researchers have not identified its precise origin, it was first sequenced in Itirapina, Brazil, and was already circulating in various municipalities in the state of São Paulo of the same country. It carries a mutation of concern in the spike protein called L452R which is also present in B.1.617 detected in India, B.1.427 and B.1.429 from California, United States.[32][33] The branch of this lineage is P.4.1 (VUI-NP13L)—suspected to have arisen in Goiás, Brazil, around June–July 2020— also rapidly spread to the southeast of the country, where for example Taquara had its first genome sequence, and to the northeast of the nation. It was detected internationally, with reported cases in Japan, Netherlands and England. The P.4.1 has V1176F and D614G mutations in spike protein.[34]
DetectionEdit

Following its detection, genome data for four samples of the new variant were shared to GISAID having been assigned the ID range: EPI_ISL_792680 to EPI_ISL_792683.[35]
Circulation of Lineage P.1Edit
Development of Variant P.1
(share of analyzed SARS-CoV-2–positive tests in a given week)
CountryRegionSectorTestWeek 12[36]Week 13Week 14[37]Week 15Week 16Week 17
Peru Lima Lima Metropolitana 39.70%
Lima Este 63.20%
Lima Norte 50.00%
Lima Sur 41.90%
Central Lima 25.00%
Cajamarca Unknown 75.00%
Cuzco Unknown 70.00%
Madre de Dios Unknown 52.50%
Ucayali Unknown 47.60%
Piura Unknown 25.00%
La Libertad Unknown 25.00%
Ayacucho Unknown 20.00%
Loreto Unknown 08.10% 08.10%
Ancash Unknown 02.50%

StatisticsEdit
Cases by countryCountryConfirmed casesSuspected casesFirst detectionReferences
Japan 92 0 6 January 2021 [38][39][40]
Brazil 6132 0 14 January 2021 [41][5][40]
South Korea 4 0 18 January 2021 [42]
Faroe Islands 1 0 18 January 2021 [43][40]
Denmark 21 0 3 March 2021 [44][45][40]
Finland 1 0 18 February 2021 [46]
Germany 226 0 22 January 2021 [47][40]
Italy 838 0 25 January 2021 [48][49][50][40]
Ireland 26 0 19 February 2021 [51][52][53][54][55][40]
United States 11220 0 25 January 2021 [56][57][58][40]
Peru 103 0 4 February 2021 [59][60][61][62][63]
Netherlands 356 0 29 January 2021 [64][40]
Colombia 147 0 30 January 2021 [65][66][40]
Croatia 1 0 18 February 2021 [67]
Turkey 166 0 3 February 2021 [68][69][40][70]
France 222 0 4 February 2021 [40][71]
Canada 9730 0 7 February 2021 [40][72][73][74]
Argentina 238 0 8 February 2021 [75][40]
Portugal 120 0 11 February 2021 [76][77][78][40]
Belgium 882 0 16 February 2021 [40]
French Guiana 116 0 16 February 2021 [40]
Spain 421 0 16 February 2021 [40]
Switzerland 90 0 16 February 2021 [40]
Mexico 124 0 28 January 2021 [40]
Sweden 61 0 20 February 2021 [79][40]
United Kingdom 143 0 28 February 2021 [40][80][81][82][83]
India 2 0 17 February 2021 [84]
Australia 7 0 6 March 2021 [40]
Romania 5 0 8 March 2021 [85][40]
Sint Maarten 1 0 10 March 2021 [40]
Philippines 2 0 13 March 2021 [86][87]
New Zealand 5 0 18 March 2021 [40]
Slovenia 3 0 21 March 2021 [40]
Uruguay 54 0 22 March 2021 [88]
Chile 249 0 24 March 2021 [89][40]
Paraguay 10 0 25 March 2021 [90][40]
Aruba 33 0 29 March 2021 [40]
Luxembourg 28 0 30 March 2021 [40]
Jordan 5 0 4 April 2021 [40]
Costa Rica 23 0 11 April 2021 [40]
Suriname 8 0 11 April 2021 [40]
Ecuador 9 0 14 April 2021 [40]
Singapore 5 0 16 April 2021 [40]
Norway 5 0 24 February 2021 [40]
Poland 5 0 13 April 2021 [40]
Thailand 1 0 5 April 2021 [40]
Guyane 1 0 3 May 2021 [40]
Bangladesh 1 0 3 May 2021 [40]
China 2 0 10 May 2021 [40]
Lithuania 1 0 10 May 2021 [40]
Curacao 2 0 24 April 2021 [40]
Malta 27 0 18 April 2021 [40]
Austria 1 0 15 April 2021 [40]
Trinidad and Tobago 9 0 23 April 2021 [91][92][93]
World
Total: 54 countries Total: 29,216 Total: 0 Total as of 1 June 2021

See alsoEdit
Lineage B.1.1.7
Lineage B.1.351
Lineage B.1.617
Lineage B.1.526
NotesEdit

^ Other names include:
– 20J/501Y.V3
– Variant of Concern 202101/02 (VOC-202101/02)[2]
– Brazilian variant or Brazil variant[3][4][5]
ReferencesEdit

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^ Buss, Lewis F.; Prete, Carlos A.; Abrahim, Claudia M. M.; Mendrone, Alfredo; Salomon, Tassila; de Almeida-Neto, Cesar; França, Rafael F. O.; Belotti, Maria C.; Carvalho, Maria P. S. S.; Costa, Allyson G.; et al. (8 December 2020). "Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 371 (6526): 288–292. doi:10.1126/science.abe9728. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 7857406. PMID 33293339.
^ Sabino, Ester C.; Buss, Lewis F.; Carvalho, Maria P. S.; Prete, Carlos A.; Crispim, Myuki A. E.; Fraiji, Nelson A.; Pereira, Rafael H. M.; Parag, Kris V.; Peixoto, Pedro da Silva; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Oikawa, Marcio K. (27 January 2021). "Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, despite high seroprevalence". The Lancet. 397 (10273): 452–455. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00183-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7906746. PMID 33515491.
^ a b Oliver T.R. Toovey, Kirsty N. Harvey, Paul W. Bird, and Julian Wei-Tze Wei-Tze Tang (3 February 2021). "Introduction of Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 484K.V2 related variants into the UK". Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection. 82 (5): e23–e24. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.025. PMC 7857057. PMID 33548358.
^ Michael Le Page, Matt Hambly (1 March 2021). "Brazil covid-19 variant (P.1)". NewScientist. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
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^ "PANGO lineages Lineage B.1.1.248". cov-lineages.org. Retrieved 26 February 2021. Brazilian lineage [B.1.1.248] reassigned B.1.1.28
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^ a b Voloch, Carolina M.; et al. (2020). "Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Figure 5". MedRxiv: 2020.12.23.20248598. doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.20248598. S2CID 229379623. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ Nascimento, Valdinete; Souza, Victor (25 February 2021). "COVID-19 epidemic in the Brazilian state of Amazonas was driven by long-term persistence of endemic SARS-CoV-2 lineages and the recent emergence of the new Variant of Concern P.1". Research Square. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-275494/v1. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
^ Andreoni, Manuela; Londoño, Ernesto; Casado, Leticia (3 March 2021). "Brazil's Covid Crisis Is a Warning to the Whole World, Scientists Say - Brazil is seeing a record number of deaths, and the spread of a more contagious coronavirus variant that may cause reinfection". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
^ Zimmer, Carl (1 March 2021). "Virus Variant in Brazil Infected Many Who Had Already Recovered From Covid-19 - The first detailed studies of the so-called P.1 variant show how it devastated a Brazilian city. Now scientists want to know what it will do elsewhere". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
^ Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, Claro IM, Candido DS, Mishra S, et al. (21 May 2021). "Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil". Science. 372 (6544): 815–821. doi:10.1126/science.abh2644. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 8139423. PMID 33853970.
^ Souza, William; Amorim, Mariene; Sesti-Costa, Renata; Coimbra, Lais; Toledo-Teixeira, Daniel (1 March 2021). "Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage P.1 Neutralization by Antibodies Elicited after Natural Infection and Vaccination". The Lancet. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3793486. SSRN 3793486. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
^ Garcia-Beltran, Wilfredo; Lam, Evan; Denis, Kerri (18 February 2021). "Circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity". medrxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.21251704. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
^ Corum, Jonathan; Zimmer, Carl (24 February 2021). "Coronavirus Variants and Mutations (Section: The P.1 Lineage)". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
^ Paola CR, Tiago G, Anna Carolina DP, Luciana A, Renata SL, et al. (11 March 2021). "A potential SARS-CoV-2 variant of interest (VOI) harboring mutation E484K in the Spike protein was identified within lineage B.1.1.33 circulating in Brazil". virological.org. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
^ News, CNN Philippines (18 February 2021). "DOH confirms new COVID-19 mutations in Central Visayas". Retrieved 2 May 2021.
^ "Rede Corona-ômica.BR-MCTI informa possível nova variante da COVID-19 no interior de SP com mutação também encontrada na variante indiana". gov.br (in Portuguese). 4 May 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ G1 São Carlos e Araraquara (25 May 2021). "Nova variante do coronavírus P.4 é identificada no interior de São Paulo, diz pesquisador da Unesp". g1.globo.com (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ Sant’Anna, Fernando Hayashi; Muterle Varela, Ana Paula; Prichula, Janira; Comerlato, Juliana; Comerlato, Carolina Baldisserotto; Roglio, Vinicius Serafini; Mendes Pereira, Gerson Fernando; Moreno, Flávia; Seixas, Adriana; Márcia Wendland, Eliana (20 April 2021). "Emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage P.4.1 and massive spread of P.2 in South Brazil". medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.21255429. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^ "Supplementary Table 1 Acknowledgement Table GISAID" (PDF). virological.org. GISAID. 14 January 2021. p. 10. Retrieved 14 January2021. EPI_ISL_792680, EPI_ISL_792681, EPI_ISL_792682, EPI_ISL_792683 - Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Kentaro Itokawa, Rina Tanaka, Masanori Hashino, Makoto Kuroda
^ "INS: variante brasilera tiene una amplia circulación en varios distritos de Lima" [INS: Brazilian variant has a wide circulation in several districts of Lima] (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Salud (Perú). 25 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
^ @INS_Peru (7 April 2021). "INS: Rastreamiento de las variantes de preocupación del SARS-CoV-2 en el Perú - Por departamentos" [INS: Tracking of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Peru - By department] (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 April 2021 – via Twitter.
^ "Brief report: New Variant Strain of SARS-CoV-2 Identified in Travelers from Brazil" (PDF) (Press release). Japan: NIID (National Institute of Infectious Diseases). 12 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
^ "新たなコロナ変異種を確認 ブラジルから入国の4人" [New coronavirus Mutation Confirmed in 4 people from Brazil]. The Nikkei (in Japanese). Japan. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2021. 厚生労働省は10日、ブラジルから羽田空港に2日に到着した10~40代の男女4人が、新型コロナウイルスでこれまで確認されていないタイプの変異種に感染していたと発表した。国内での変異種への感染確認は計34人になった (The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare announced on the 10th that four men and women in their teens and 40s who arrived at Haneda Airport from Brazil on the 2nd were infected with a type of mutation that had not been confirmed so far with the new coronavirus.)
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an aoap aq ar as at "PANGO Lineages - B.1.28". cov-lineages.org. 22 January 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
^ Biernath, André (14 January 2021). "Coronavirus: qué se sabe sobre la nueva variante encontrada en Brasil (y que llegó a Japón)"[Coronavirus: what is known about the new variant found in Brazil (and that reached Japan)]. BBC Brasil (in Spanish). Sao Paulo. Retrieved 18 January 2021. Los científicos analizaron el material genético de 31 muestras de pacientes con covid-19 en la ciudad de Manaos... ...De ellos, 13 individuos (el 42% del total) presentaban justamente ese nuevo linaje del virus. Scientists analyzed the genetic material of 31 samples from patients with covid-19 in the city of Manaus... ...Of them, 13 individuals (42% of the total) presented precisely this new lineage of the virus.
^ "S. Korea reports 1st COVID-19 variant case from Brazil". Yonhap News Agency. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
^ Egholm, Sverri (18 January 2021). "In a first European case, Brazilian Covid variant confirmed in Faroe". Local.fo. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ @Heunicke (3 March 2021). "Det første tilfælde af varianten P1 er fundet i Danmark" [The first case of the variant P1 has been found in Denmark] (Tweet) (in Danish) – via Twitter.
^ "Danmark finder første tilfælde af brasiliansk variant, men den vurderes ikke at have spredt sig - TV 2" [Denmark finds the first case of Brazilian variant, but it is not considered to have spread]. nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
^ "Suomen epidemiatilanne on jakautunut - muuntuneet virusmuodot herättävät huolta" [Finland's pandemic situation is divided - variants are worrying]. thl.fi (in Finnish). 3 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
^ "Coronavirus live news: France death toll surpasses 72,000; Brazil variant found in Germany". The Guardian. London. 22 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
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^ "Covid, first case of Brazilian variant in Italy". Italy 24 News. Italy. 26 January 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
^ Ronza, Veronica (26 January 2021). "Covid, è allarme per la variante brasiliana: altri tre casi rilevati in Italia" [Covid alarm for the Brazilian variant: three other cases detected in Italy]. Vesuvio Live (in Italian). Retrieved 2 February 2021.
^ "Statement from the National Public Health Emergency Team on the detection of P1 variant in Ireland - Friday 19 February". Government of Ireland. Department of Health. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February2021. McQuinn, Cormac; Cullen, Paul (19 February 2021). "Coronavirus: Three cases of Brazil variant identified in the State for first time". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^ "Three cases of Brazilian virus variant identified in Ireland". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^ Halpin, Hayley (19 February 2021). "Three cases of new Covid-19 variant, first identified in Brazil, reported in Ireland". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^ Cullen, Paul (9 March 2021). "Covid-19: Irish cases of worrying variant double to six". The Irish Times. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
^ Bowers, Fergal; Hogan, Laura (3 April 2021). "Newer Covid variants unrelated to travel detected in community, says expert". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
^ Achenbach, Joel (25 January 2021). "First U.S. case of highly transmissible Brazil coronavirus variant identified in Minnesota". The Washington Post. USA. Retrieved 26 January 2021. This is the first report in the United States of the P.1 variant...
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^ "Loreto: DIRESA aclara que variante de Manaos aún no llega a la región" [Loreto: DIRESA clarifies that Manaus variant has not yet reached the region]. Canal N (in Spanish). Peru. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
^ "Pilar Mazzetti confirma que en Lima, Loreto y Huánuco se ha encontrado la variante brasilera del coronavirus" [Pilar Mazzetti confirms that the Brazilian variant of the coronavirus has been found in Lima, Loreto and Huánuco]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Peru. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
^ "INS identifica 22 casos de variante brasileña" [NIS identifies 22 cases of Brazilian variant]. Diario Correo (in Spanish). Lima. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
^ "Variante brasileña del COVID-19 amenaza la capacidad de respuesta en hospitales de Madre de Dios" [Brazilian variant of COVID-19 threatens response capacity in Madre de Dios hospitals]. Diario Correo (in Spanish). 9 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
^ "Brazilian coronavirus variants (P1 and P2) found in the Netherlands"(Press release). The Netherlands: RIVM. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January2021.
^ "Colombia mantiene vigilancia de cepa brasileña de covid-19"[Colombia maintains surveillance of the Brazilian strain of covid-19]. minsalud.gov.co (in Spanish). Bogotá. 30 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021. The case of a Colombian-Brazilian woman who acquired the new strain and consulted the health services in Leticia is confirmed.
^ "Colombia detecta su primer caso de variante brasileña del coronavirus" [Colombia detects its first case of Brazilian variant of the coronavirus]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Bogotá. 30 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
^ "Mutated Brazilian Variant of Coronavirus Detected in Croatia by RBI Researchers". total-croatia-news.com. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
^ "Turkey: 2 S. Africa, 1 Brazil variant detected". aa.com.tr. İstanbul. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021. Two Turkish citizens have contracted the South African variant...
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^ Jeyhun Aliyev, Dilara Hamit Turkey: 85% of new COVID-19 cases due to UK variant S.Africa COVID variant seen in 285 people in 11 of Turkey's 81 provinces, Brazil strain seen in 166 people: Health minister 12 April 2021 www.aa.com.tr, accessed 24 April 2021
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^ "Primele două cazuri de infectare cu tulpina braziliană de Covid-19 confirmate în România" [First two cases of infection with the Brazilian variant of Covid-19 confirmed in Romania]. stirileprotv.ro (in Romanian). Romania. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
^ "First case of Brazil COVID in Philippines". canberratimes.com.au. Canberra. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
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^ "Circulación de variantes SARS-CoV-2 en Chile" (PDF).
^ PERÚ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (24 March 2021). "Coronavirus: Paraguay confirma presencia de variante brasileña del COVID-19 y reporta récord de muertes" [Coronavirus: Paraguay confirms presence of Brazilian variant of COVID-19 and reports record of deaths]. El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 March 2021.
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External linksEdit
PANGO lineages: New variant report -Report on global distribution of 3 variants including P.1, a descendent of B.1.1.28
COG-UK Report on SARS-CoV-2 Spike mutations of interest in the UK

Thursday, June 3, 2021

Manual Wheelchair Needed

 

Glen Allardyce is organizing this fundraiser. Vanessa has Cerebral Palsy and a rare gastrointestinal disorder she needs a manual wheelchair that is not covered by government programs to move around her inaccessible apartment. She has secured the majority of the funding through grants leaving us with this shortfall. She needs to come up with this funding in order not to lose the funding already in place. This wheelchair would allow her to move around her house independently. The funding shortfall was only was only discovered Friday after the wheelchair company added the necessary seating and other components needed to support Vanessa's cerebral Palsy and Spinal Condition. *We did the second last seating clinic yesterday (May 12th) Unfortunately, a few components had to be added and others changed. We needed to add a different seat belt, a different back and different wheels that would make the chair easier to move and manoeuvre based on Vanessa's change in health status and muscle decrease. It is thought that with a top of line wheel set that it will become easier for her to move and propel the chair forward. Also spoke guards were left off the invoice these protect against rocks, debris and glass or anything else that could damage the spokes in the wheel causing damage/safety issues. As so many things needed to be changed the invoice needed to be updated to reflect the new amount/funding shortfall* THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTINUED SUPPORT GLEN