On 20 February 2021, a Longtail Boeing 747-412BCF jet cargoliner, registration VQ-BWT, operating as flight 6T5504/LGT5504, had an engine failure above the village of Meerssen, shortly after taking off from Maastricht Aachen Airport on the way to John F. Kennedy International Airport. Dropped turbine blades from the exploded Pratt & Whitney PW4056 jet engine lightly injured two persons on the ground. The plane was able to land safely at Liège Airport.[4][5][6][7][8]
Friday, February 26, 2021
United Airlines Flight 328
msdogfood@hotmail.com
United Airlines Flight 328 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Denver to Honolulu, Hawaii on February 20, 2021; the Boeing 777-222 operating the route on that date suffered an apparently contained engine failure shortly after takeoff,[1] that nevertheless resulted in a debris field at least 1 mile (1.6 km) wide over the Commons Park suburb of Broomfield, Colorado and surrounding area.[2][3][4][5][6] Falling debris from the affected engine cowling was recorded by eyewitnesses using smartphone cameras and a dash cam.[7][8][9]
The flight landed safely with no injuries or loss of life to those in the aircraft or on the ground.[10] Although the aircraft landed safely, the engine failure resulted in damage to the engine, an in-flight engine fire, and damage to the airplane.[11] The failed engine was a Pratt & Whitney model PW4077 turbofan.[12] The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration immediately issued an Emergency Airworthiness Directive requiring U.S. operators of airplanes equipped with similar Pratt & Whitney PW4000 series engines to inspect these engines' fan blades before further flight.[11] The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board is investigating the aircraft engine incident.
Contents
Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 777-222 registered as N772UA (c/n 26930/Line no.5).[13] The aircraft was built in November 1994[14] and delivered to United in September 1995. The aircraft is fitted with two Pratt & Whitney PW4077 engines.[13]
Originally the aircraft started out as WA005, one of the original Boeing 777-200s that took part in the flight test certification program prior to its entry into commercial service.[15][14]
On the day of the incident the aircraft had arrived in Denver from Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD) as UA flight 2465, departing at 9:37 a.m. CST and arriving at 10:50 a.m. MST.[16]
Incident
United 328 departed from Denver International Airport's Runway 25 uneventfully at 12:15 local time,[17] but while climbing through 13,000 feet (4,000 m), there was an internal failure within the right engine. This resulted in some of the engine cowling becoming detached, causing it to fall to the ground, along with other engine parts. The pilots contacted air traffic control and the airliner subsequently landed safely at Runway 26 at 13:37 local time. No one on the ground or in the aircraft was injured, though flying debris resulted in a large hole in the wing to body fairing.[18][19]
Passengers were re-booked on UA flight 3025 – operated by a different Boeing 777, N773UA, a sister ship to N772UA immediately ahead of it on the production line[20] – that took off from DEN to HNL hours later. On February 13, 2018, originating from San Francisco as United Airlines Flight 1175, N773UA had a similar engine failure and loss of the engine cowling 120 miles from its destination of Honolulu, where it made a safe emergency landing.[21] Boeing has been working on a redesign for a replacement fan cowl as a result of that incident, according to documents reviewed by the Wall Street Journal.[22]
Another 777-289, JA8978, operated as Japan Air Lines Flight 904 from Okinawa-Naha Airport (OKA) on December 4, 2020, also experienced a similar fan blade out failure and partial loss of the fan cowl six minutes after takeoff;[23] it returned to OKA and landed safely, but the Japan Transport Safety Board considered it a “serious incident” and launched an investigation.[24]
Investigation
Photograph showing damage to the right engine cowling, including the loss of the inlet fairing and fan doors (NTSB photo)
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is investigating the incident.[9] A senior investigator living in the Denver area immediately coordinated with first responders. Three other investigators from the NTSB's Denver regional office are assisting. It was noted upon initial inspection that the inlet and the cowling had separated from the engine and that two fan blades had fractured, one near its root and an adjacent one about mid-span; a portion of one blade was embedded in the containment ring. The remainder of the fan blades exhibited damage to the tips and leading edges.[1]
On February 22, 2021, National Transportation Safety Board Chairman Robert Sumwalt announced that the damage to the fan blade is consistent with metal fatigue, according to a preliminary assessment.[25][26] It is unclear whether the failure is consistent with other failures attributed to metal fatigue in a fan blade in a February 2018 United Airlines flight and a December 2020 Japan Airlines flight.[25] Sumwalt also said that "by our strictest definition"[27] NTSB did not consider the incident an uncontained engine failure because "the containment ring contained the parts as they were flying out."[28] The NTSB will look into why the engine cowling separated from the aircraft and why there was a fire, despite indications that the fuel supply to the engine had been turned off.[25]
Pratt & Whitney PW4000
Damage to PW4000 hollow fan blades from UA328 (NTSB photo)
There have been previous reports of PW4000 engine failures. In December 2020, Japan Airlines Flight JL904 operating a Boeing 777 suffered a failure of the same engine type at around 16,000 to 17,000 feet.[29]
On February 13, 2018, United 1175 en route from San Francisco to Honolulu suffered from an engine failure over the Pacific. The aircraft was also a Boeing 777-222, N773UA, with an identical configuration to N772UA operating United 328. The aircraft subsequently landed safely in Honolulu with no injuries or loss of life. The NTSB eventually determined that the fan blade inside the engine fractured, leading to the failure.[21] The investigation faulted Pratt & Whitney for not doing more stringent inspections.[30] The aircraft was eventually repaired and returned to service.[21]
On the same day as United 328, a Boeing 747-400BCF belonging to Longtail Aviation experienced an uncontained engine failure, shortly after departing Maastricht Airport in the Netherlands.[31] Two people were injured by the falling debris.[32] The 747-400BCF was powered by PW4056 engines, an earlier version of the PW4000 engine.[31]
Reactions
After the accident of UA328, the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ordered the grounding of 32 Boeing 777 aircraft operated by Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways.[33] The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered increased inspections of Boeing 777 aircraft with PW4000 engines;[34] United Airlines had preemptively removed all such airliners (of which it has 28 in storage, and 24 in use) from active service.[34][35]
On February 22, 2021, following an Emergency Airworthiness Directive, Boeing confirmed that it had grounded worldwide all 128 of its Boeing 777 aircraft equipped with certain Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines because of the UA328 incident.[36] Later that day, the British Civil Aviation Authority also banned Boeing 777s powered by Pratt & Whitney PW4000-112 engines from entering UK airspace.[37][38]
On February 23, 2021, Pratt & Whitney released a statement that the company was cooperating with federal investigators and coordinating with operators and regulators to support a revised inspection interval of the PW4000 engines.[30]
Groundings by operator
As of 24 February 2021[39]
Airline In service In storage Total
United Airlines 24 28 52
All Nippon Airways 10 14 24
Japan Airlines 7 13 20
Korean Air 7 10 17
Asiana Airlines 6 1 7
Jin Air 4 0 4
Total 58 66 124
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Airlines Flight 328.
British Airways Flight 2276, in 2015
Air France Flight 66, in 2017
Delta Air Lines Flight 30, in 2018
Qantas Flight 32, in 2010
Southwest Airlines Flight 1380, in 2018
Korean Air Flight 2708, in 2016
Southwest Airlines Flight 3472, in 2016
Volga-Dnepr Airlines Flight 4066, in 2020
2021 in aviation
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Transportation Safety Board.
"Investigative Update: United Airlines Flight 328 Boeing 777 Engine Incident". www.ntsb.gov. National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
"Broomfield park-goers recount seeing debris fall from United Airlines plane Saturday". Boulder Daily Camera. February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
Knowles, Hannah. "United flight's engine failure rained debris at least a mile wide near Denver, officials say". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
"Debris from United Airlines Boeing 777 falls on Broomfield neighborhoods; flight lands safely at DIA". KMGH. February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
"Plane Debris Falls From Sky & Onto Broomfield Neighborhoods". CBS Denver. February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
Airplane parts fall from sky in Broomfield, Colorado, retrieved February 21, 2021
Giulia, Michaela [@michaelagiulia] (February 20, 2021). "Flight 328 @united engine caught fire. my parents are on this flight 🙃🙃 everyone's okay though!" (Tweet). Retrieved February 20, 2021 – via Twitter.
"US plane scatters engine debris over Denver homes". February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2021 – via www.bbc.com.
Silverman, Hollie; Andone, Dakin; Williams, David (February 20, 2021). "United Airlines flight suffers engine failure, sending debris falling on neighborhoods outside Denver". CNN. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
"United Airlines plane with exploded engine drops debris over Denver area before emergency landing". The Colorado Sun. February 20, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
"FAA Statement on Pratt & Whitney Engine Emergency Airworthiness Directive". Federal Aviation Administration. February 24, 2021.
"United Airlines N772UA (Boeing 777 - MSN 26930)". www.airfleets.net. Airfleets aviation. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
Ranter, Harro. "Incident Boeing 777-222 N772UA, 20 Feb 2021". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
Birtles, Philip (1998). Boeing 777: Jetliner for a New Century. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7603-0581-2.
"Not only an early build, one of the earliest. This aircraft was known as WA005". Twitter. February 21, 2021.
"Flight history for aircraft - N772UA". Flightradar24.
Mele, Christopher (February 20, 2021). "United Flight Sheds Debris Over Colorado After Engine Failure". Retrieved February 26, 2021 – via NYTimes.com.
"Center Wing Tank Hole Image". Reddit. February 22, 2021.
"United flight rained debris a mile wide near Denver after engine failure, officials say". Washingtonpost. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
Ostrower, Jon (February 26, 2021). "Fresh 737 Max scars spur quick FAA moves on P&W 777s". The Air Current. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
Ranter, Harro. "Serious incident Boeing 777-222 N773UA, 13 Feb 2018". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
Paradis, Cullen (February 25, 2021). "Boeing 777 Engine Covers Were Engineering Focus For Years Before Failures". International Business Times. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
"NDI Process Failures Preceded B777 PW4077 Engine FBO - Aerossurance". Accidents & Incidents. Aerossurance Limited. July 22, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
"Japan Airlines Boeing 777 turns back after engine failure". Retrieved February 26, 2021.
Reuters Staff (February 23, 2021). "Damage to fan blade in United Boeing 777 engine consistent with metal fatigue -NTSB". Reuters. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Frost, Jamie Freed, David Shepardson, Laurence (February 23, 2021). "Boeing engine blowouts investigated as older 777s are suspended". Reuters. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Bellamy, Woodrow, III (February 23, 2021). "Boeing 777s Equipped with Pratt & Whitney 4000 Engines Grounded Following UAL 328". Aviation Today. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
Gilbertson, Dawn (February 22, 2021). "United Airlines engine failure on Boeing 777 flight from Colorado: What travelers need to know". USA TODAY. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
Waldron2020-12-07T03:32:00+00:00, Greg. "JAL 777-200 engine loses panel, suffers blade damage after takeoff". Flight Global. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
"Engine that endangered United flight has troubled history". NBC News. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
Ranter, Harro. "Incident Boeing 747-412 (BCF) VQ-BWT, 20 Feb 2021". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
"Investigation started as cargo plane showers metal parts on Limburg village". Dutch News. February 21, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
"Japan grounds 32 JAL and ANA jets after Boeing engine fire". Nikkei. February 22, 2021.
Chokshi, Niraj. "Boeing Calls for Global Grounding of 777s Equipped With One Engine Model". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
@flightradar24 (February 21, 2021). "Statement from United Airlines—United is acting ahead of a forthcoming FAA emergency airworthiness directive and immediately removing its PW4000 series-powered 777s from service. This affects 24 active aircraft. The airline has another 28 in storage" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
"Boeing grounds 777s after engine fire". uk.sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
"Boeing 777: Dozens grounded after Denver engine failure". BBC News Online. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
Shapps, Grant (February 22, 2021). "PW4000 B777s Banned From UK Airspace". Twitter. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
"The complete list of grounded 777s and where they are". Flightradar24. February 24, 2021.
vte
Monday, February 15, 2021
Ad26.COV2.S
Ad26.COV2.S or JNJ-78436735 is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Janssen Vaccines, which is part of Johnson & Johnson (J&J) in the Netherlands and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC).[1] It is a human adenovirus viral vector vaccine.[2] On January 29, 2021, Janssen announced that it was 66% effective in a one-dose regimen in preventing symptomatic COVID-19, with an 85% efficacy in preventing severe COVID-19.[3][4][5] It can remain stable for an estimated timeframe of two years at -20°C (-4°F). The vaccine can be stored at least for three months in a refrigerator at temperatures of 2-8°C (36°F-46°F).[6]
Vaccine characteristics
The J&J vaccine can remain viable for months in a standard refrigerator.[7] Unlike the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine that previously received EUAs, the J&J COVID-19 vaccine is a single dose instead of two doses, and does not need to be shipped frozen.[8]
Development
Johnson & Johnson committed over US$1 billion toward the development of a not-for-profit COVID-19 vaccine in partnership with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).[9][10] J&J stated that its vaccine project would be "at a not-for-profit level" as the company viewed it as "the fastest and the best way to find all the collaborations in the world to make this happen."[11]
Janssen Vaccines, in partnership with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), is responsible for developing the vaccine candidate, based on the same technology used to make its Ebola vaccine.
Clinical trials
Phase I-II
In June 2020, J&J and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) confirmed its intention to start a clinical trials of J&J's vaccine in September 2020, with the possibility of Phase 1/2a human clinical trials starting at an accelerated pace in the second half of July.[12][13][14]
A Phase 1-2a clinical trial started with the recruitment of the first subject on July 15, 2020 and enrolled study participants in Belgium and the US. Interim results published from the Phase 1-2a trial established the safety, reactogenecity and immunogenecity of Ad26.COV2.S.[15][16]
Phase III
A Phase 3 clinical trial called ENSEMBLE started enrollment in September 2020 and completed enrollment on December 17, 2020. It was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-dose vaccine versus placebo in adults 18 years old and older. Study participants received a single intramuscular injection of Ad26.COV2.S at a dose level of 5×1010 virus particles on Day 1.[17] The trial was paused on October 12, 2020, because a volunteer became ill,[18] but the company said it found no evidence that the vaccine had caused the illness and announced on October 23, 2020 that it would resume the trial.[19][20] On January 29, 2021 Janssen announced safety and efficacy data from an interim analysis of ENSEMBLE trial data, which demonstrated the vaccine was 66% effective at preventing the combined endpoints of moderate and severe COVID-19 at 28 days post-vaccination among all volunteers. The interim analysis was based on 468 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 among 43,783 adult volunteers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, and the United States. No deaths related to COVID-19 were reported in the vaccine group, while 5 deaths in the placebo group were related to COVID-19.[6] During the trial, no anaphylaxis was observed in participants.[6]
A second Phase 3 clinical trial called ENSEMBLE 2 started enrollment on November 12, 2020. ENSEMBLE 2 differs from ENSEMBLE in that its study participants will receive two intramuscular (IM) injections of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, one on Day 1 and the next on Day 57.[21]
Manufacturing
In April 2020, J&J entered a partnership with Catalent who will provide large-scale manufacturing of J&J's vaccine at Catalent's Bloomington, Indiana facility.[22] In July 2020, the partnership was expanded to include Catalent's Anagni, Italy facility.[23]
In July 2020, J&J pledged to deliver up to 300 million doses of its vaccine to the U.S., with 100 million upfront and an option for 200 million more. The deal, worth more than $1 billion, will be funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and the U.S. Defense Department.[24][25] The deal was confirmed on 5 August.[26]
In September 2020, Grand River Aseptic Manufacturing agreed with J&J to support the manufacture of the vaccine, including technology transfer and fill and finish manufacture, at its Grand Rapids, Michigan facility.[27]
In December 2020 J&J and Reig Jofre, a Spanish pharmaceutical company, entered into an agreement to manufacture the vaccine at Reig Jofre's Barcelona facility.[28] If the European Medicines Agency grants approval to the vaccine by March 2021, a European Union regulator said that J&J could start supplying vaccines to EU countries starting on April 2021.[29][30]
In August 2020, J&J signed a contract with the U.S. federal government for US$1 billion, agreeing to deliver 100 million doses of the vaccine to the U.S. following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grant of approval or emergency use authorization (EUA) for the vaccine.[25] Under its agreement with the U.S. government, J&J was targeted to produce 12 million doses by the end of February 2021, more than 60 million doses by the end of April 2021, and more than 100 million doses by the end of June 2021. However, in January 2021, J&J acknowledged manufacturing delays would likely prevent it from meeting its contract of 12 million doses delivered to the U.S. by the end of February.[31]
Regulatory approval process
Beginning on December 1, 2020, clinical trial of the vaccine candidate has been undergoing a "rolling review" process by the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, a step to expedite EMA consideration of an expected conditional Marketing Authorisation Application.[29][32]
On February 4, 2021, J&J applied to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for an EUA, and the FDA announced that its Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee would meet on February 26 to consider the application.[7][8][33] J&J previously announced that it planned to ship the vaccine immediately following authorization.[6]
On February 11, 2021, J&J first approval EUA from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines by the Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.[34]
Impact
Given the J&J vaccine is a single dose and has a lower cost, it is expected that the vaccine will play an important role in low and middle-income countries.[35] With lower costs as well as requirements of storage and distribution in comparison to the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna, the J&J vaccine will be more easily transported, stored, and administered.[36] South African health minister Zweli Mkhize announced on 9 February 2021 to sell or swap its one million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine. Mkhize said South Africa would begin using Ad26.COV2.S the week of 15 February.[37]
References
"Johnson & Johnson Initiates Pivotal Global Phase 3 Clinical Trial of Janssen's COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate". www.jnj.com. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
"A Study of Ad26.COV2.S for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2-Mediated COVID-19 in Adult Participants (ENSEMBLE)". clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
Salzman, Sony (29 January 2021). "Johnson & Johnson single-shot vaccine 85% effective against severe COVID-19 disease". ABC News.
"Covid vaccine: Single dose Covid vaccine 66% effective". BBC News. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
Sohn R (29 January 2021). "J&J's Covid vaccine is 66% effective, a weapon but not a knockout punch". Stat. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
"Johnson & Johnson Announces Single-Shot Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Met Primary Endpoints in Interim Analysis of its Phase 3 ENSEMBLE Trial". www.jnj.com. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
Carolyn Y. Johnson & Laurie McGinley (4 February 2021). "Johnson & Johnson seeks emergency FDA authorization for single-shot coronavirus vaccine". Washington Post.
Chander, Vishwadha (4 February 2021). "J&J files COVID-19 vaccine application with U.S. FDA". Reuters. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
Vecchione A (13 March 2020). "J&J collaborates to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine development". NJBIZ. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
"Prisma Health collaborates with Ethicon Inc. to make, distribute VESper Ventilator Expansion Splitter Device". WSPA 7News. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
"Coronavirus: Johnson & Johnson vows to make 'not-for-profit' vaccine". Sky News. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
Coleman J (10 June 2020). "Final testing stage for potential coronavirus vaccine set to begin in July". TheHill. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
"Moderna, AstraZeneca and J&J coronavirus shots rev up for NIH tests beginning in July: WSJ". FiercePharma. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
"Johnson & Johnson to start human testing of COVID-19 vaccine next week". FiercePharma. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
Sadoff, Jerald; et al. (13 January 2021). "Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine". New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034201. PMC 7821985. PMID 33440088. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
"Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Interim Phase 1/2a Data Published in New England Journal of Medicine". www.jnj.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
"Fourth large-scale COVID-19 vaccine trial begins in the United States". www.nih.gov. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
Hughes V, Thomas K, Zimmer C, Wu KJ (12 October 2020). "Johnson & Johnson halts coronavirus vaccine trial because of sick volunteer". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
"Johnson & Johnson Prepares to Resume Phase 3 ENSEMBLE Trial of its Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate in the U.S." Johnson & Johnson. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
Edwards E, Miller SG (23 October 2020). "AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson resume late-stage Covid-19 vaccine trials". NBC News. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
"A Study of Ad26.COV2.S for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2-mediated COVID-19 in Adults (ENSEMBLE 2)". clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
Vecchione A (29 April 2020). "Catalent to lead US manufacturing for J&J's lead COVID-19 vaccine candidate". NJBIZ. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
"J&J expands COVID-19 vaccine pact with Catalent for finishing work at Italian facility". FiercePharma. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
"HHS, DOD Collaborate With Johnson & Johnson to Produce Millions of COVID-19 Investigational Vaccine Doses". HHS.gov (Press release). 5 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"Johnson & Johnson Announces Agreement with U.S. Government for 100 Million Doses of Investigational COVID-19 Vaccine". Johnson & Johnson (Press release). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
"US to Pay Johnson and Johnson $1 Billion for COVID-19 Vaccine". Voice of America. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
"Ramping Up COVID-19 Vaccine Fill and Finish Capacity". Contract Pharma. 3 November 2020.
Allen, Joan Faus, Nathan (15 December 2020). "Spain's Reig Jofre to manufacture J&J's COVID-19 vaccine, shares soar". Spain.
Guarascio, Francesco (13 January 2021). "J&J COVID-19 vaccine could be available in Europe in April: source". Reuters.
"EMA expected to approve Johnson & Johnson vaccine by March - CEO of Janssen Italy to paper". Reuters. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
Zimmer C, LaFraniere S, Weiland N (13 January 2021). "Johnson & Johnson Expects Vaccine Results Soon but Lags in Production". The New York Times.
"Johnson & Johnson Announces Initiation of Rolling Submission for its Single-dose Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate with the European Medicines Agency" (Press release). Johnson & Johnson. 1 December 2020.
"FDA Announces Advisory Committee Meeting to Discuss Janssen Biotech Inc.'s COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate" (Press release). U.S. Food & Drug Administration. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
"Public Health (Emergency Authorisation of COVID-19 Vaccine) Rules, 2021" (PDF). Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
Grady, Denise (29 January 2021). "Which Covid Vaccine Should You Get? Experts Cite the Effect Against Severe Disease". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
Brueck, Hilary. "Moderna vaccine creator calls Johnson & Johnson's competing shot a 'darn good' tool to fight the pandemic". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
Winning, Alexander; Roelf, Wendell (9 February 2021). "South Africa may sell AstraZeneca shots as it switches to J&J vaccine to fight variant". news.yahoo.com. Reuters. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)