Pauline Maroishttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Maroisborn 29 March 1949 in Quebec , Canada ,) is a politician in Quebec . She has held several ministerial positions in the governments of all the Parti Québécois in 1981. After two unsuccessful attempts in 1985 and 2005, she became the 26 June 2007 , the first woman to be leader of the Parti Québécois . The 24 September 2007 , she was elected a member of the riding of Charlevoix and re-elected on 8 December 2008 . She is the third woman to hold the post of Deputy Prime Minister of Quebec after Lise Bacon and Monique Gagnon-Tremblay .
Summary[ hide ] |
Biography [ edit ]
Daughter of Gregory Marois and Marie-Paule Gingras, Pauline Marois is the eldest of five children. She grew up in modest circumstances - his father was a mechanic in a garage in Quebec - in Saint-Étienne-de-Lauzon (now incorporated Lévis ), on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River , oppositeQuebec . All children in the family have a university education, which meant a lot to their parents.
She holds a bachelor's degree in social work (B. Serv. soc.) of the Université Laval (1971) and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from theGraduate School of Business of the University of Montreal (1976).
She is married since 1969 to Claude Blanchet , with whom she had four children. Mr. Blanchet was president of the Societe Generale funding between 1997 and 2003.
Activist in the early days of the Parti Québécois , Pauline Marois was briefly press officer of Jacques Parizeau , who was one of his teachers at HEC. She left the position after six months, in March 1979, considering we do "not use it at the height of his talent," she confided later biographer Jacques Parizeau,Pierre Duchesne one . She then became Chief of Staff to the Minister for Women, Lise Payette , in November 1979. The biographer of René Lévesque, Pierre Godin, says Pauline Marois hesitated before accepting the position because she was not feeling particularly feminist . "With me, you'll become" , had then responded Minister Payette 2 .
First political career [ edit ]
Seven months pregnant, Pauline Marois reluctant to engage in active politics. She finally convinced her husband René Lévesque and 3 , and is a candidate in the riding of La Peltrie in the region of Quebec . She was elected with a comfortable majority of 5,337 votes over his Liberal opponent 4 onApril 13, 1981 . She gave birth to her second child 11 days later, on April 24 5 .
She goes immediately to the Council of Ministers , first as head of the Status of Women, 30 April 1981 to 29 November 1983 , and for four months in1985 . She was then promoted to Vice-President of the Treasury Board on 9 September 1982 , and became Minister of Manpower and Income Security, in the reshuffle of November 1983 6 .
This sign, 9 November 1984 , the "letter of the twelve" , in which half of Ministers Lévesque government oppose the strategy of " beau risque " the Prime Minister and demand that sovereignty is at the heart of the campaign the following year. However, it does not join seven signatories resign his colleagues at the end of the month 7 .
Departure of René Lévesque, she has to run for the leadership of the Parti Québécois , despite an unfavorable survey 8 . After a campaign where she is promoting full employment and sovereignty nine , she finished in second place with 19.7% of votes 10 but expressed satisfaction and ready to continue its commitment.
Defeat in La Peltrie at the Quebec general election of 2 December 1985 , she continued her involvement in the national executive of the Parti Québécois, while militant within feminist organizations. She is treasurer of the Federation des femmes du Québec and acts as a consultant to the company Elizabeth Fry , an organization that helps women prisoners and ex-prisoners 6 .
Like Jean Garon , Bernard Landry and Louise Harel , Pauline Marois disapproves of the strategy of "national affirmation" and ideological reorientation advocated by Pierre Marc Johnson . Noting that the PQ"must redefine its left lane" 11 , she retired temporarily from the party leadership after the Congress of June 1987 to teach at the Université du Québec à Hull 11 .
Despite some criticisms leveled against Jacques Parizeau, she accepts the offer of the new man becomes strong and sovereignty adviser in the program of PQ in February 1988 12 . She comes to the election in the riding of Anjou , June 20, 1988, but was defeated by 1147 votes 13 .
1994-2003 - Minister versatile [ edit ]
She returned to the National Assembly as a member of Taillon in 1989 and was re-elected in 1994 , 1998 and 2003 6 .
Returned to power after the 1994 general election, Premier Jacques Parizeau assigned records both social - Department of Family - and economics - the Treasury Board, and after the referendum of 1995, the Department of Finance.
She held no less than 14 ministerial positions, including: Finance, the Education and Health . She also served for two years as Vice-Premier of Quebec ( 2001 - 2003 ).
It has, among others, gave birth to early childhood centers , managed file processing network of Catholic and Protestant denominational English and French - a provision dating from the Act of British North America from 1867 - two networks boards organized on a linguistic basis set and the full-day kindergarten.
In 2001 , after the departure of Lucien Bouchard , then Premier of Quebec , Bernard Landry does not waste time and harvest all the support. He was crowned leader, then prime minister. Pauline Marois misses his chance again. Bernard Landry will make his Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, a position she held until the defeat of the Parti Québécois in 2003 .
Until his interlude of full-time politician, she served as spokesperson for the official opposition in international relations following the reshuffle of the shadow cabinet of the Parti Québécois.
2005: Second campaign for the leadership of the Parti Québécois [ edit ]
In 2004 , seeking to provoke fate, Pauline Marois openly demand the departure of Bernard Landry then leader of the Parti Quebecois 14 . In 2005 , the latter resigned after being subjected to a vote of confidence where he obtained 76.2% support. Following this resignation, it officially launches and without waiting in the race for the leadership of the Parti Québécois in June 2005 . It is supported by Joseph Facal , Jonathan Valois , Maka Kotto and Marie Malavoy and twenty members of his party and the Bloc Québécois , a sovereignist party camped in Ottawa.
In case of victory, she promised to hold a referendum within six months to a year after the election of a PQ government, provided it is winning:
"This is a huge task that we have to do together to prepare to Quebec sovereignty, especially in the pass and win the referendum. It is not to hold a referendum any time tomorrow morning, it is taken into a winner 15 . '
She receives a lot of support outside of the Parti Québécois, such as the former President of the Federation of Nurses , Jennie Skeene , the former president of the CEQ , Lorraine Pagé , the writer Hélène Pedneault and the former President of the Executive Committee of the City of Montreal, Léa Cousineau .
The week before the election, she received the support of Pierre Dubuc , a candidate in the race. The November 10 , Gilbert Paquette abandon the race and asked his supporters to vote for Pauline Marois.
The 15 November 2005 , it eventually loses the election with 30.56%, the two e position with 32,166 votes, while André Boisclair was elected with a majority of 53.68%. His dream of becoming Prime Minister of Quebec - and the first woman to become - he escapes again. It accepts the clear verdict and joins the new leader. It shows still satisfied with the campaign, but admits to being a little upset.
The 20 March 2006 , without bitterness, Pauline Marois announces that it leaves the active political life. This sudden departure caused some surprise since had just accepting the position of Critic International Relations. However, since January, the rumor that the imminent departure of tenor might occur. She retired after more than 25 years of public and political life, not without difficulty. However, she confessed in his resignation speech that "the heart is no longer" .
2007: Third campaign for the leadership of the Parti Québécois [ edit ]
Following the resignation of André Boisclair , the 8 May 2007 , Pauline Marois chooses to present itself in a possible run for the leadership of the Parti Québécois , the 11 May 2007 16 . For her, it is a third attempt to become leader of the party.
The 13 May 2007 , Pauline Marois officially declared his candidacy 17 or eighteen months after its defeat in the race for the leadership of the Parti Québécois in 2005 . She wants to set aside the planned referendum and wants to change his approach a future country. She wants to change the whole program of the Parti Québécois to adapt it to the will of Quebecers.
Pauline Marois is the only person officially nominated for the estate of Andre Boisclair, its only potential rival ( Gilles Duceppe , Bloc Quebecois leader) having withdrawn one day after announcing his candidacy, probably convinced adverse consequences for the movement sovereignty of such a confrontation and perhaps perceiving a lack of sufficient support 18 , 19 . Indeed, Pauline Marois has enjoyed a great amount of support from the first day of the announcement of his candidacy, both within the movement and PQ in the population (according to the first survey).
It receives support from political club SPQ-Libre 20 . Also, she rallied almost all deputies of the Parti Québécois. She then made a statement indicating that it supports the thaw tuition 21 .
The 14 May 2007 , Pauline Marois attend a fundraising dinner Bloc Quebecois in Montreal and Gilles Duceppe to take this opportunity to assure him of our full support.
It officially became leader of the Parti Québécois, the closing of the nomination period, June 26, 22 , 23 , is the only person who has filed the required signatures.
Since 2007: Back in active politics [ edit ]
The 13 August 2007 , Rosaire Bertrand , the Parti Quebecois , resigns as MLA for the riding of Charlevoix , on the eastern edge of the Greater National Capital . At the same time, it forces triggering an election , providing the opportunity to Pauline Marois can access the Quebec National Assembly . The same day the resignation of Rosaire Bertrand , Pauline Marois announces that it will be a candidate in this election 24 .
In September 2007 , two days before the election, a controversy broke out when a reporter from The Gazette reveals that Ms. Marois and her husband own a residence located on former agricultural land, rezoning until, in 1991 , and on public land expropriated in 1978 for the extension of Highway 440 25 .
The 24 September 2007 , polling day, Pauline Marois is elected with 59.16% of the vote, becoming MP for Charlevoix 26 , 27 , 28 . His main opponent, the ADQConrad Harvey, meanwhile obtains 37.04% of the vote. Swearing Pauline Marois took place on 11 October 2007 29 .
The 8 December 2008 , Pauline Marois is the leader of the official opposition in Quebec, at the head of the official opposition the highest since the Quiet Revolution, with 51 members elected to the National Assembly.
The 16 April 2011 , during the XVI th National Congress of the Parti Québécois, Pauline Marois gets more than 93.08% of approvals during the vote of confidence of the delegates support a bit stronger than those obtained in the past by Jacques Parizeau and Lucien Bouchard 30 .
Notes and references [ edit ]
- Duchesne, Pierre (2002). Jacques Parizeau, vol. 2: The Baron, 1970-1985 Quebec Amerique, Montreal. pp. 160-161.
- Godin, Pierre. (2001) René Lévesque, vol. 3: Hope and Sorrow (1976-1980) , Boreal, Montreal. pp. 530-531.
- Godin, Pierre (2005). René Lévesque, vol. 4: broken man (1980-1987) , Boreal, Montreal. p. 117
- Chief Electoral Officer of Québec, " General Elections. 1981, April 13 [ archive ] . " Retrieved July 19, 2007 .
- Katia Gagnon, " Pauline five times "in La Presse , May 19, 2007, p. A2 .
- the Quebec National Assembly, " Pauline Marois [ archive ] ", 2007 .Retrieved July 19, 2007 .
- Duchesne, Pierre (2002), op. cit. , p. 493-502.
- Pollster Parti Quebecois, Michel Lepage, surveyed on their preference PQ in June 1985.Pierre Marc Johnson is ranked first with 67% support, followed by Bernard Landry with14% . Pauline Marois came a distant third with only 4 2% support. (Godin, Pierre (2005).op. cit. p. 494).
- Godin, Pierre (2005). op. cit. , p. 495.
- QuébecPolitique.com leadership race Parti Québécois [ archive ] . Accessed July 22, 2007.
- Duchesne, Pierre (2004). Jacques Parizeau flight. 3. The Regent, 1985-1995 .America Quebec, Montreal. p. 47.
- Duchesne, Pierre (2004). op. cit. pp.. 84-86.
- Chief Electoral Officer of Québec. elections. 1988, June 20 (Anjou, Roberval) [archive ] . Accessed July 20, 2007.
- Raymond Breard, La Presse, May 31, 2007
- CBC . 2005 . " Referendum: Pauline Marois says his position [ archive ] " . Radio-Canada . September 9 . Online (accessed 12 March 2007 ).
- Robert Dutrisac and Hélène Buzzetti, " A battle of giants: Marois, Duceppe , "in Le Devoir , 12-13 May 2007 [ Full text [ archive ] (accessed 15 December 2008)] .
- Kathleen Lévesque, " Electroshock Pauline Marois "in Le Devoir , 14 May 2007 [ Full text [ archive ] (accessed 15 December 2008)] .
- Alexander Shields, " The Bloc members close ranks behind Gilles Duceppe , "in Le Devoir , 14 May 2007 [ Full text [ archive ] (accessed 15 December 2008)] .
- David Michel , " Like a phoenix , "in Le Devoir , 14 May 2007 [ Full text [ archive ](accessed 15 December 2008)] .
- Michel Corbeil, " The SPQ-Libre stands behind the new candidate , "in The Sun , 13 May 2007 [ Full text [ archive ] ] .
- Pednault, Steven, PQ opens the door to thaw , L'Express, 18 March 2008, available online [ archive ] May 10, 2012.
- CBC. Pauline Marois: it's official [ archive ] . June 26, 2007.
- Paul Roy, " Pauline Marois PQ leader "in La Presse , June 27, 2007 [ full text [archive ] ] .
- Antoine Robitaille, " Pauline Marois is present in Charlevoix , "in Le Devoir , 13 August 2007 [ summary [ archive ] (accessed April 6, 2009)] .
- ( in ) William Marsden, " How was built on public estate, farm lands , "in The Gazette , September 22, 2007 [ full text [ archive ] (accessed April 6, 2009)] .
- See also Quebec election of 2007 .
- Simon Boivin, " Marois wins the bet , "in The Sun , September 24, 2007 [ full text [archive ] (accessed April 6, 2009)] .
- Sylvain Desmeules, " Election in Charlevoix: a coronation without overflow , "in The Sun , September 25, 2007 [ full text [ archive ] ] .
- Norman Delisle and Canadian Press , " Marois sworn "in La Presse , October 11, 2007[ full text [ archive ] ] .
- Antoine Robitaille, " Fort confidence vote for Pauline Marois 'in Le Devoir , April 16, 2011 [ full text [ archive ] ]
See also [ edit ]
Related Articles [ edit ]
- 37 th Legislature of Quebec
- 38 th Legislature of Quebec
- 39 th Legislature of Quebec
- Election to the leadership of the Parti Québécois in 2005
- Quebec election of 2007
- René Lévesque government
- Government Pierre Marc Johnson
- Jacques Parizeau government
- Lucien Bouchard government
- Bernard Landry government
- Sovereignist movement in Quebec
- PQ
- Marois reform
External links [ edit ]
- ( fr ) Pauline Marois - National Assembly of Québec
- ( en ) Official website of the Parti Québécois
- ( en ) Official website of Pauline Marois
