Monday, February 23, 2009

Continental Connection Flight 3407 data

Continental Connection Flight 3407

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Colgan Air Flight 3407
Incident summary
Date February 12, 2009 (2009-02-12)
Type Under Investigation
Site Clarence Center, New York, United States
Passengers 45
Crew 4
Injuries 4 (all on the ground)
Fatalities 50 (1 on ground)
Survivors 0
Aircraft type Bombardier Dash 8 Q400
Operator Colgan Air, as Continental Connection
Tail number N200WQ
Flight origin Newark Liberty International Airport
Destination Buffalo Niagara International Airport

Colgan Air Flight 3407, marketed as Continental Connection under a codeshare agreement with Continental Airlines, was a daily U.S. regional airline commuter flight between Newark Liberty International Airport (ICAO:KEWR) in New Jersey and Buffalo Niagara International Airport (ICAO:KBUF) in New York.

A Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 as Flight 3407 departed from Newark on February 12, 2009, at 9:20 p.m. EST. Shortly after the last communication by the flight crew at 10:11 p.m. (03:11, February 13 UTC), the plane crashed into a house in the northeast Buffalo suburb of Clarence Center, 6 miles (9.7 km) short of BUF's Runway 23, killing everyone on board. A total of 50 people were killed, including two pilots, two flight attendants, 45 passengers (including one off-duty pilot), and one person in the house. It was the first fatal crash of a commercial airliner in the United States since Comair Flight 191 in August 2006.

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[edit] Flight details

Sister project Wikinews has related news: Fifty killed in commuter plane crash in Clarence Center, New York
Dash 8 Q400 similar to the aircraft involved

Colgan Air Flight 3407 (9L 3407 or CJC 3407) was marketed as Continental Flight 3407 (CO 3407) under the Continental Connection brand. The flight departed at 9:20 p.m. EST,[1] en route from Newark Liberty International Airport to Buffalo Niagara International Airport. The flight was one of seven Continental flights bound for Buffalo Niagara that day, out of a total of 110 incoming and departing flights across all carriers at Buffalo.[2]

The aircraft was a 74-seat Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 (Registration N200WQ) two engine turboprop owned and operated by Colgan Air. N200WQ was registered with the Federal Aviation Administration in April 2008[3] and was put into service the same month.[4]

The Q400 model has been involved in 13 incidents, but the crash of Flight 3407 was the first resulting in fatalities.[4] This crash was also the first fatality on a Colgan Air passenger flight since the company was founded in 1991; there was a previous fatal incident in August 2003 when an aircraft crashed offshore of Massachusetts, killing both crew members. The only prior aviation incident on a Colgan Air passenger flight occurred at LaGuardia Airport, when another plane collided with the Colgan aircraft while taxiing, resulting in minor injuries to a flight attendant.[5]

The crew of four was led by Captain Marvin Renslow, age 47, of Lutz, Florida, who was hired by Colgan in 2005 and had flown 3,379 hours.[6] He previously flew for Gulfstream International Airlines prior to joining Colgan. In 2007, he became a pilot in command for Colgan.[7] First Officer Rebecca Lynne Shaw, age 24, of Maple Valley, Washington,[8][9][10] was hired by Colgan in January 2008, and had flown 2,244 hours. Flight Attendants Matilda Quintero and Donna Prisco both joined Colgan in May 2008. Captain Joseph Zuffoletto, an off-duty crew member aboard Flight 3407, was hired by Colgan in September 2005.[11][12]

[edit] Crash

Planform view of a Q400 showing the high aspect ratio (long, narrow) wings
FAA ILS/LOC approach plate to Runway 23 at Buffalo Niagara International Airport (KBUF). The flight crashed near the Locator Outer Marker (LOM) (Identifier: "Klump") about five miles from the threshold of Rwy 23.

The aircraft had been cleared for the ILS Runway 23 approach to the nearby Buffalo Niagara International Airport when it disappeared from radar. The last radar position (unofficial) was at 10:11 PM Eastern time[13]. Weather conditions were a wintry mix in the area, with light snow, fog, and 17 miles per hour (27 km/h) winds. Two other aircraft reported icing conditions around the time of the crash. The last radio transmission from the flight occurred when the plane was 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of KLUMP, when First Officer Shaw acknowledged a routine instruction to change to tower frequency. After several attempts to hail the crew, controllers requested the assistance of Delta Flight 1998 and US Airways Flight 1452 to make visual contact with the missing airplane; the Delta crew responded that they did not see the plane.[12][14][15][16][17][15][13][18][19]

During the flight and continuing through the plane's landing approach, the crew had been flying on autopilot. The de-icing system was turned on 11 minutes into the flight by the crew, who discussed significant ice buildup on the aircraft's wings and windscreen shortly before the crash. Following this, the pilots extended the aircraft's flaps and landing gear for landing. The plane had been on autopilot and immediately went through severe pitch and roll oscillations, and the aircraft's stall-protection systems activated, which included a stick shaker and stick pusher, which tried to push the nose of the aircraft down in order to gain airspeed and lift. The crew then attempted to raise the gear and reset the flaps. At some point during this chain of events the autopilot disengaged itself, as a condition described as aircraft upset commenced.[20] The plane pitched up at an angle of 31 degrees in its final moments, before pitching down at 45 degrees. It then rolled to the left at 46 degrees and snapped back to the right at 105 degrees. Occupants aboard experienced forces estimated at nearly twice that of gravity. Witnesses on the ground claimed to hear the engines sputter just before the crash.[21]

The plane struggled for about 25 seconds, during which the crew made no emergency declaration. It rapidly lost altitude and then crashed into a private home at 6038 Long Street, about 5 miles (8.0 km) from the end of the runway, and nearly directly under its intended approach path, with the nose pointed away from the destination airport. The ensuing fire destroyed the house and most of the plane, with the tail of the plane broken off and nearly intact. The house was the home of Douglas and Karen Wielinski along with their daughter Jill. Douglas was killed; the other two escaped with minor injuries and were treated at the Millard Fillmore Suburban hospital. The lots in the area are only 60 feet (18 m) wide; however, the plane hit the house squarely, destroying it in the fire with remarkably little damage to surrounding homes.[22] The home is around the corner from the Clarence Center Fire Company, so emergency personnel were able to respond quickly. While fighting the blaze, two firefighters were injured. The crash and intense fire caused the evacuation of 12 nearby houses.[17][23][24][2][19][25][26][27]

[edit] Fatalities

President of the United States Barack Obama shaking hands with Beverly Eckert 6 days before the accident

The total number of reported fatalities was 50, including all four crew members and one off duty crew-member, all 44 passengers, and one resident of the house that was struck. There were also four reported injuries on the ground, including two other people inside the home at the time of the crash. Among the reported dead were:[28][4][29][30][31][32]

[edit] Investigation

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced that they would send a team to the crash site on February 13 to begin the investigation.[14] NTSB spokesman Steve Chealander said that 14 investigators were assigned to the crash of Continental Connection Flight 3407.[33] Both the Flight data recorder (FDR) and the Cockpit voice recorder (CVR) were retrieved and are currently being analyzed in Washington, D.C.[19][34]

After initial FDR and CVR analysis, it was determined that the aircraft went through severe pitch and roll oscillations after positioning its flaps and landing gear for landing. Until that time, the Dash 8 had been maneuvering normally. The de-icing system was reported to be turned on. During descent, the crew reported about 3 miles of visibility with snow and mist. Preceding the crash, the aircraft's stall-protection systems had activated. Instead of the aircraft's diving straight into the house as was initially thought, it was found that the aircraft fell 800 feet before crashing flat on its belly, and was headed northeast, away from the destination airport. The passengers were given no warning of any trouble by the pilots. Occupants aboard the Dash 8 experienced an estimated force two times that of gravity just before impact. Chealander said information from the aircraft's flight data recorder indicates that the plane pitched up at an angle of 31 degrees, then down at 45 degrees. The Dash 8 rolled to the left at 46 degrees, then snapped back to the right at 105 degrees, before crashing into the house.[19][35][17][19][36][25][26]

At the crash scene, an area 2 square miles (5.2 km2) in size was cordoned off, despite the small footprint of the actual damage. Investigators stated it would take three or four days to remove all human remains and a few weeks to positively identify them. As the recovery effort proceeded, Chealander remarked that freezing temperatures as well as difficult to access debris were slowing the investigation. Portable heaters had to be brought to the site to thaw ice left in the wake of the firefighting efforts. Initial analysis of the aircraft's remains revealed the cockpit had sustained the greatest impact force, while the main cabin was mostly destroyed by the ensuing fireball. Towards the rear of the aircraft, passengers were found still strapped in their seats.[35][37][25]

On February 15, more information on the crash was released by the NTSB saying it appeared the plane had been on autopilot when it went down. The investigators did not find evidence of the severe icing conditions that would have required the pilots to fly manually.[38]. Colgan Air recommends pilots fly manually in icy conditions, and requires they do so in severe icing conditions. The NTSB had issued a safety alert about the use of autopilot in icy conditions in December 2008. Without flying manually, pilots may be unable to feel changes in the handling characteristics of the airplane, which is a warning sign of ice buildup. The NTSB also revealed that the plane crashed a mere 26 seconds after trouble was first registered on the flight data recorder.[39][40][41][42]

More details emerged on February 18. It was reported that a re-creation of events leading up to the crash indicated that an anti-stall device known as a stick pusher had activated, which pushes the nose down when it determines a stall is imminent in order to maintain airspeed so the wings continue to generate lift and keep the aircraft aloft. The crew, concerned about a nose-down attitude so close to the ground, may have responded by pulling the nose upward and increasing power, but over-corrected causing a stall or even a spin.[43] Bill Voss, president of Flight Safety Foundation told USA Today that it sounded like the plane was in a "a deep stall situation"[44]

[edit] Reactions

Colgan Air set up a telephone number for families and friends of those affected to call on February 13, and a family assistance center was opened at the Cheektowaga Senior Center in Cheektowaga, New York.[45] The American Red Cross also opened reception centers in Buffalo and Newark where family members could receive support from mental health and spiritual care workers.[46]

U.S. President Barack Obama extended condolences the next morning before the Business Council meeting, thanking the first responders and specifically mentioning Beverly Eckert, and commenting upon 'the fragility of life'.[28] New Jersey governor Jon Corzine followed suit, and New York governor David Paterson plans to visit the site of the crash. During the afternoon, the U.S. House of Representatives held a moment of silence for the victims and their families.[47]

Buffalo's professional ice hockey team, the Buffalo Sabres, held a moment of silence prior to their scheduled game the next night against the San Jose Sharks.[48] The University at Buffalo, which lost 11 passengers who were former employees, faculty, alumni, and 12 who were family members of faculty, employees, students or alumni in the crash, also held a remembrance service on February 17, 2009.[49][50]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-8-402 Q400 N200WQ Buffalo Niagara International Airport, NY (BUF)" (February 13, 2009). Aviation Safety Network.. Retrieved February 14, 2009..
  2. ^ a b "Buffalo area plane crash claims 50 lives". The Business Review. February 13, 2009. http://www.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2009/02/09/daily46.html. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  3. ^ "FAA Registry: N-Number Inquiry Results". Federal Aviation Administration.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  4. ^ a b c Dolmetsch, Chris; Miller, Hugo (2009-02-13). Continental Flight Crashes Near Buffalo, Killing 50 (Update3). Bloomberg.com Retrieved 2009-02-13
  5. ^ Babineck, Mark; Hensel, Bill Jr. (2009-02-13). "Records show Colgan flights had been fatality free". Chron.com.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  6. ^ Nipps, Emily (2009-02-13). "Pilot in Buffalo crash was from Pasco County". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/accidents/article975671.ece. Retrieved on 2009-02-14.
  7. ^ "Marvin Dean Renslow". The Tampa Tribune: p. 17. February 19, 2009.
  8. ^ "Co-pilot of crashed plane was from Wash" (2009-02-13). Katu.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  9. ^ Tahoma High grad Rebecca Shaw dies in Continental 3407 crash February 14, 2009
  10. ^ Maple Valley woman co-pilot in plane crash: Rebecca Shaw, 24, worked hard to join ranks of airlines February 13, 2009
  11. ^ "Flight 3407 crew members names released". wivb.com. February 13, 2009. http://www.wivb.com/dpp/news/Flight_3407_crew_members_names_released_090213. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  12. ^ a b All Calm Moments Before Plane Crashes (2009-02-13). CBS News.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  13. ^ a b Continental Connection flight 3407 fboweb.com News, February 13 2009
  14. ^ a b "Federal investigators begin searching for the cause of Clarence Center crash". The Buffalo News. February 12, 2009. http://www.buffalonews.com/home/story/577959.html. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.
  15. ^ a b Recording of air traffic controller LiveATC.net Archive for Buffalo, 22:00-22:30 EST
  16. ^ "Commuter Plane Crashes Into New York Home". cbsnews.com. February 12, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/02/13/national/main4798963.shtml. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.
  17. ^ a b c "Search for answers begins in Buffalo plane crash". CNN. February 13, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/02/13/plane.crash.new.york/index.html. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  18. ^ "Obama extends sympathies to crash victims". UPI. February 12, 2009. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/02/13/Commuter_plane_crashes_into_house/UPI-22451234502518/. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.
  19. ^ a b c d e "NTSB: Crew reported ice buildup before crash". MSNBC. February 12, 2009. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29173163/. Retrieved on February 14, 2009.
  20. ^ "NTSB: Colgan 3407 pitched up despite anti-stall push". Flight Global. February 15, 2009. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/02/15/322581/ntsb-colgan-3407-pitched-up-despite-anti-stall-push.html. Retrieved on February 16, 2009.
  21. ^ "Too early to tell if icing caused crash, NTSB says". The Buffalo News. February 15, 2009. http://www.buffalonews.com/home/story/580554.html. Retrieved on February 15, 2009.
  22. ^ Residents Survive After Plane Crashes Through Home. WBEN 930 Buffalo, NY. 13 February 2009.
  23. ^ Karen Wielinski tells her story of survival after Flight 3407 crashed into her home February 13, 2009
  24. ^ "Mom, daughter escape after plane crashes into home". cnn.com. February 13, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/02/13/plane.crash.escape. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  25. ^ a b c "NTSB: Plane didn’t dive, landed flat on house". MSNBC. February 14, 2009. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29194109/. Retrieved on February 14, 2009.
  26. ^ a b "Flight 3407 did not crash nose-down, federal investigators say". The Buffalo News. February 14, 2009. http://www.buffalonews.com/home/story/579277.html. Retrieved on February 14, 2009.
  27. ^ "50 killed as US plane crashes into house", Dawn, 2009-02-14, http://www.dawn.com/2009/02/14/top10.htm
  28. ^ a b Tapper, Jake; Travers, Karen (2009-02-13). "President Obama Mentions Plane Crash, and Victim Beverly Eckert".. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  29. ^ Commuter Plane Crashes Into Buffalo-Area Home; 50 Killed. Fox News.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  30. ^ Fiery Plane Crash In Upstate N.Y. Kills 50 (2009-02-13). NPR.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  31. ^ Publicist: 2 Mangione musicians die in plane crash
  32. ^ Victims of the crash of Flight 3407. (2009-02-18). Buffalo News. Retrieved 2009-02-18..
  33. ^ Wawrow, John (2009-02-13). "Fiery plane crash in upstate NY kills 50". Yahoo!. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090213/ap_on_re_us/plane_into_home. Retrieved on 2009-02-13.
  34. ^ "Black Boxes Found From Buffalo Crash". cbsnews.com. February 13, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/02/13/national/main4799482.shtml. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  35. ^ a b "NTSB: Plane rolled violently before crash". cnn.com. February 15, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/02/15/buffalo.plane.crash/index.html. Retrieved on February 15, 2009.
  36. ^ "NTSB: Crew Saw Ice Buildup Before Crash". cbsnews.com. February 13, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/02/13/national/main4801448.shtml. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
  37. ^ "Strong sense of purpose drives investigators". The Buffalo News. February 15, 2009. http://www.buffalonews.com/home/story/579991.html. Retrieved on February 15, 2009.
  38. ^ "Crash plane 'dropped in seconds'". bbcnews.com. February 15, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7891770.stm. Retrieved on February 16, 2009.
  39. ^ "Americas | Fatal US plane 'was on autopilot'". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7891770.stm. Retrieved on 2009-02-15.
  40. ^ "ABC News: Plane That Crashed Near Buffalo Was on Autopilot". Abcnews.go.com. February 15, 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=6882782. Retrieved on February 15, 2009.
  41. ^ "Plane that crashed near Buffalo was on autopilot". The Washington Post. February 15, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/15/AR2009021500417.html?hpid=moreheadlines. Retrieved on February 15, 2009.
  42. ^ "Flight Was on Autopilot; Anti-Ice Systems Apparently Working". The Wall Street Journal. February 15, 2009. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123472208728790483.html. Retrieved on February 15, 2009.
  43. ^ "In Recreating Flight 3407, a Hint of Human Error". NY Times. 2009-02-18. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/19/nyregion/19crash.html?hp. Retrieved on 2009-02-18.
  44. ^ Alan Levin (2009-02-15). "NTSB: Plane landed on its belly, facing away from airport". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-02-14-crash-ny_N.htm. Retrieved on 2009-02-22.
  45. ^ "Colgan Air, Inc. Releases Additional Information Regarding Flight 3407" (PDF) (2009-02-13). Colgan Air.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  46. ^ "Red Cross Provides Comfort and Counseling to Families of Buffalo Plane Crash". American Red Cross.. Retrieved 2009-02-13..
  47. ^ "Local Leaders React In Wake Of Flight 3407 Crash" (2009-02-13). WCBSTV.. Retrieved 2009-02-13
  48. ^ Hunter, Brian (2009-02-14). "Sabres gut out emotional win;". NHL.com. http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=409263&navid=DL. Retrieved on 2009-02-14.
  49. ^ "11 with UB ties die in plane crash" (2009-02-13). UB Reporter. Retrieved 2009-02-18
  50. ^ "UB remembers victims of plane crash" (2009-02-18). UB Reporter. Retrieved 2009-02-18

[edit] External links

Wikinews
Wikinews has the following articles detailing the reaction at the time to the crash of Flight 3407:

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